Oedipus the king free essay sample

Aristotelian philosophy teaches that knowing material reality can be achieved by properly Identifying the essential traits of things and distinguishing things from other things by forming classification schemes based on those traits. The theorys great power is that it canproduce useful, independently verifiable categories of analysisitwe all can agree on the epics essential traits, then we can conduct reasonable scholarly discussions about epics. Since Aristotle also was Interested (like his teacher. Plato) in the proper organization of human communities, from the one- amily oikos (whence economy) to the city-state of the polis, he also tried to describe the social functions of literature. This continues to be an important line of study In modern literary theory. One of the methods weakness arises from disagreements about what, If anything, can be called essential from the start (a prion), outside some kind of social, political, historical processes that made it. We will write a custom essay sample on Oedipus the king or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A second weakness, shared by some practitioners of Structuralism (q. v. ), is Aristotles fondness for defnltion and categorizatino by binary oppositions: states which are supposed to be mutually exclusive (i. . , live or dead, on or off, in that you cant be both, but must be one or the other). Many of the oppositions by which he constructed his literary analysis are suspect or simply wrong, at least in our own era (e. g. , comedy or tragedy has become confused with tragi-comedy and satire). Post- Aristotelian thinking tends to avoid relying upon unexamined binary oppositions and to look backwards, in order to situate literatures traits in the processes which created them, but otherwise we owe a great methodological debt to The Philosopher, as he was known to medieval readers. Some Aristotelian principles† ) Genre and generic attributes Aristotle sought to anchor his definitions of literary genres in exemplary works and authors. Of tragedians, he considered Sophocles the best, and his Oedipus Tyrannus (Oedipus the King) the finest example. Thats immediately debatable because great works by two other major tragedians survived (Aeschylus and Euripides). In the case of epics, his task was easier because only one authors work were widely known to him, those of Homer. According to Aristotle, the lost Homeric mock battle narrative, Margites, is to comic drama as the Iliad and the Odyssey are to ragedy. Note that this suggests genres originate in pairs, each balancing qualities the other excels In with qualities it lacks and its partner has In abundance. When distinguishing between epic and tragedy, he said epic has a multiplicity of plots, each of which Is fully developed in the epics larger scope, but the tragedy is a compressed development of a single plot. Aristotle says epics have a major advantage over tragedy because of their multiplicity of Incident, the capacity to enlarge its action to incorporate several series of events which may have happened imultaneously [representing them in narrative series by means of flashbacks, etc. ]. For Aristotle, all literature is an art of imitation (Gk. mimesis, whence mime). As artists imitated life to produce their literature, audiences would be inspired to imitate, in some fashion, what they read, heard or saw on the stage. The social function of epic as an exemplar of good behavior was easier for Aristotle to assume in Classical Greece. Recently, the hero-aesthetic has been dethroned as a necessary and great model of human aspiration, at least as it motivates citizens to become warriors. Comedy produced an immediate problem for Aristotle, however, since comedies tend to be about bad behavior and people doing ugly, immoral, or ridiculous things. He accepted that the primary object of comedy as imitation: imitation of low charactersnot morally bad, but ludicrous, ugly but not painful or destructive. He defended comedies mimetic representation of ludicrous behavior because it would incite audiences to avoid its imitation. 3) Proper proportion A tragedy imitates action that is serious, complete, and of an appropriate magnitude (neither trivial nor too vast). 4) Literatures function The tragedy evokes two kinds of emotions, pity and fear, in order to cleanse the mind of dangerous but natural human tendencies, especially overgrown pride in our accomplishments. This emotional purging (katharsis), when shared by the whole population, restored the city to health. 5) Character construction Tragic characters all have two qualities by which we Judge them: thought and character. In order of importance, proper characters should have the following qualities: goodness in a moral sense, appropriateness to social mores, truth to life (probability in small details), and consistency (i. . , not disturbingly divided in nature). 6) Sub-components of dramatic theater Tragedies have these six parts: plot, character, diction, thought, spectacle (today, special effects), and song. ) Literature and human nature According to Aristotle, our qualities are determined by our characters, those basic combinations of traits we were born with or develop as we grow, but we are made happy or wretched by our actions. Therefore, the great literature concentrates on showing us those actions at crucial moments and the first principle of any drama is its plot (i. e. , the act ion). A perfect tragedy should imitate complex actions (see #12) that excite pity and fear (#4) while leading a man who is extraordinarily good and Just to misfortune by some error of Judgment or frailty of character. That frailty of character is the famous tragic flaw or hamartia, actually something closer toa tragic imbalance qualities in the construction of a tragedys plot are: it has a beginning, middle, and end (i. e. , is complete); and it is of appropriate size to be easily embraced in one view or easily embraced by the memory [long enough to move a character from alamity to good fortune, or from good fortune to calamity. For this reason, Aristotle says good plays resemble living organisms. (This idea has a rebirth in Romanticisms organic form theory. An episodic plot is: one that moves from incident to incident without necessary or probable cause. You can still find modern literary reviews that condemn a works plot as episodic, though since Modernism, fiction has tended to test that boundary and many of the rest Aristotle tried to establish. 9) Unity of action In addition to unity of form and time, Aristotle also said a plot should be unified. However, definitions of this tend to be circu lar: the plot centers around an action that is unified. 10) Poetry vs. istorythe truth problem The ancients and medieval theorists were troubled that poetic works of all kinds (narrative fiction, drama, lyrics) are technically lies. isnt lying a bad thing, something to be punished. Aristotle saw the poet and historian as his opposing binary opposites to solve this problem. The poets Job differs from the historians in that: the historian must relate what happened, but the poet may relate what may (or may have) happened. (Also see Sidney, Defense of Poesy. ) 11) Simple vs. complex plots While Aristotle tended to favor literary traits that unified, he was not against complexity, itself. For him, a complex plot is distinguished from a simple one because it has one or both of these special features which produce important effects in the audience: reversal of expectations (peripeteia) and/or recognition (usually of someones identity, often of ones own true identity [anagnorisis]). Both of these events occur nearly simultaneously near the end of Oedipus Tyrannus. Aristotelian analysis divides the plays action into two parts complication and nraveling, the latter of which might begin with the reversal of expectations and end with the self-discovery or recognition scene. 2) Literature and the agon Like most Classical Greeks, Aristotle saw most of the universe as a pattern of struggle, or agon, in which opposed forces battled for supremacy. Tragedy and epic, alike, according to Aristotle, might develop a kind of collision between opposing character types in which one must subdue the other. He said tragedy should have a double thread, which can be identified by: its concern for two groups of actors hose ends are opposite because of their opposite natures (e. g. , in epic, Odysseus triumphant return vs. the suitors destruction; in tragedy, Antigones unwavering insistence on the old burial customs vs. Creons equally stubborn demand that she 13) Spectacle / Special Effects vs. Tragic or Comic effects Aristotle distinguished clearly between works which operated upon the audiences minds by manipulating the emotions via thoughtful processes from those which sought their impact by shocking the audience with scenes which were taboo in ordinary social life (e. g. , murders, open sexuality, violent accidents). The movies, Halloween and Nightmare on Elm Street, and all their many imitators, are examples of tragedies that use spectacle to move the audiences emotions.

Harvard Referencing 4 Facts You Should Know

Harvard Referencing 4 Facts You Should Know Harvard Referencing: 4 Facts You Should Know Harvard referencing is a citation style used in higher education around the world, providing a quick way of referencing sources in academic writing. Its widespread use means that knowing how this system works is wise for any student. To help, then, we’ve prepared this quick guide explaining a few key facts you should know. 1. There is No Such Thing as â€Å"Harvard Referencing† Most people assume that Harvard referencing is associated with Harvard University, but there is no official connection. There is, in fact, technically no such thing as the Harvard referencing â€Å"system† at all. The school exists, though. You didnt imagine that. Rather, â€Å"Harvard referencing† is a generic term for parenthetical referencing. Therefore, â€Å"Harvard referencing† can mean a number of variations of the same basic rule set. As a result, the exact way to reference sources will depend on the version used. We could end each of the other points in this post by reminding you to check whether your school uses the same conventions, but we’ll just do it here once in big letters to save time: CHECK YOUR STYLE GUIDE! Got it? Cool. 2. Author–Date Citations All variations of Harvard referencing use an author–date format. This means giving the author’s surname and a year of publication for sources in parentheses, as well as relevant page numbers when quoting directly: Early humans â€Å"didn’t fly by helicopter† (Diamond, 1997, p. 49). If the author is named in the main text, there’s no need to duplicate it in the citation: According to Diamond (1997), Australia is unique in the history of human development. Each source cited in the text should also be added to a reference list at the end of your document. 3. When to Cite The key to good referencing is knowing when it’s necessary to cite a source. The main situations are when: Using a direct quotation Paraphrasing another author’s ideas or arguments Using a diagram or illustration from another source Using previously published data or results Summarizing a thinker’s beliefs or thoughts The key thing to keep in mind is that it’s the quality of citations that counts, not the quantity. You shouldn’t, therefore, worry about not having â€Å"enough† citations in your work, as long as you’ve clearly and consistently cited sources when required. 4. The Reference List Harvard referencing requires all cited sources to be included in a reference list with full publication information. The details to include for each source depend on its format, but the list itself should follow a few key conventions: List all cited sources (additional reading can be included separately) Sources should be ordered alphabetically by author surname Multiple works by the same author should be listed earliest first by publication date When a source has multiple authors, give all listed names (no matter how many) We hope this has clarified a few things, and don’t forget to check out the other Harvard referencing posts on our blog.

3 Problems with Parenthesis

3 Problems with Parenthesis 3 Problems with Parenthesis 3 Problems with Parenthesis By Mark Nichol Parenthesis is the strategy of setting a word, phrase, or clause off from a sentence to interject additional information into that statement. Despite the name, parenthesis can be accomplished with a two commas or a pair of dashes as well as with a brace of parentheses. However, several problems can occur when writers attempt to parenthesize: The punctuation employed is not appropriate, the parenthesis is misplaced in the sentence, or what appears to be a parenthetical element is in fact something else. The following sentences illustrate these three problems respectively. 1. He took it from me, stole it, really, years ago. Really is a parenthesis of â€Å"stole it† (a parenthesis can follow rather than interrupt the phrase or clause it supplements), and â€Å"stole it, really† is a parenthesis of â€Å"He took it from me years ago,† so a hierarchy of punctuation should be employed to clarify the sentence organization. Because dashes are more emphatic than commas, they should assume the major parenthetical role; the comma separating â€Å"stole it† and really can remain: â€Å"He took it from me- stole it, really- years ago.† 2. Attacks relating to phishing fraud attempts have been very common in recent times (e.g., someone posing as an organization’s CEO emails its CFO to request an urgent payment transfer). A parenthesis should be directly adjacent to the element of the sentence it pertains to. This parenthesis relates to â€Å"attacks relating to fraud attempts,† not to â€Å"recent times,† so it should immediately follow the former phrase: â€Å"Attacks relating to phishing fraud attempts (e.g., someone posing as an organization’s CEO emails its CFO to request an urgent payment transfer) have been very common in recent times.† 3. But the battle has not been lost- the battlefield keeps changing and continuing to evolve- as one door closes, another is opened. This sentence is punctuated as if â€Å"the battlefield keeps changing and continuing to evolve† is a parenthetical statement interrupting the framing sentence, but the statement that remains when the parenthesis is omitted is â€Å"But the battle has not been lost; as one door closes, another is opened,† which makes no sense, because the point of the second clause does not follow from that of the first. However, the statement between the dashes is not parenthetical, and the third clause is an extension of the second one, not the initial one. The first dash correctly signals that a shift in syntax is imminent (another function of the dash besides parenthesis), but another punctuation mark should replace the second dash so that the two dashes are not misinterpreted as bracketing a parenthetical comment: â€Å"But the battle has not been lost: The battlefield keeps changing and continuing to evolve; as one door closes, another is opened.† (Another option is to divide the sentence into two statements, as here: â€Å"But the battle has not been lost. The battlefield keeps changing and continuing to evolve; as one door closes, another is opened.† In this case, the second dash can be retained instead of replacing it with a semicolon.) Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Punctuation category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:10 Rules for Writing Numbers and Numerals50 Idioms About Roads and Paths10 Tips About How to Write a Caption

Bilingual Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Bilingual Education - Essay Example Bilingual education has brewed arguments that have not to date settled, where both sides present conflicting reasons regarding why the system is incompetent or appropriate to adopt, especially for the non-English speaking. Bilingual education systems supporters argue that education should aim at building, instead of dismantling, the minority learner’s language and culture (Capetillo-Ponce & Kramer 4). They propose that where the students cannot understand English well, incorporation of other natives’ languages is necessary. Because they will be studying the two languages simultaneously and at an advanced level, transition will be easy rather than stubbornly using English that will segregate some individuals and quit learning (Wetig 30). This is due to the absence of understanding that will render them failures in class confinements, whereas it was inappropriate mode of transmitting the necessary information. Additionally, bilingual education once implemented will aid in safeguarding and transmittance of respective cultures to the learners while young (Capetillo-Ponce & Kramer 12). This will assist in molding the character of a student to have necessary morals that will make a reliable an d a mature citizen. Education needs to have an integrating aspect that will enable students fit well in a multiracial society with the absence of segregation. Conversely, critics argue against the idea of bilingual often relying on the phrase â€Å"sink or swim†. This implies that students need to learn to employ the principal language in education if they succeed in America. There is no office in an English-dominated country that will execute its policies or strategies using a native language (Wetig 31). Hence, they must strive to fathom and even be confident in English because it is only through English that many opportunities will be available for them. Emphasis upon English will enable numerous people from other states effectively

Organizational Ethics Issue Resolution Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Organizational Ethics Issue Resolution - Essay Example However, in today's world, where the scientific world has come of age in its standing vis--vis organization ethics and prevention, subsidiary issues have emerged that are considered to be of prime importance in the realm of ethics. The changes in society and life all around the world have brought about considerable changes in the lifestyles of people. Similarly, the provision of norms has seen its development through the ages, and many additional factors like ethical, legal and professional concerns need to be understood better. The learning outcomes associated with this course are crucially linked to the integral understand of organizational issues and practice. Understanding the domain of every prong individually is of vital importance. As was mentioned earlier, knowledge of ethical issues to the cause of organizational practice has now become imperative. Though universal laws for humanitarianism and morality remain constant for humans, yet there are certain legal implications that are different for certain countries and even states within countries. It must be understood by a professional, that the legal clauses are not a matter of burden, but actually a facilitating and binding factor that ensures that the provision of ethics would be unequivocal and just for all. ... However, despite the magnitude and quality of work that was done at that time, the obvious constraint due to the war was that a systematic procedure for providing ethics cannot be established. Much has changed since then, and the corporate face of the organizations in the changing world has brought about a new shape to the domain of organizational practice. With the inception of concepts like quality and the ISO standards, what the world of today has realized, is that documentation, for any system of work, is not only essential, but is a must. Specifically focusing on the legal and professional issues, it has enabled to understand all the paraphernalia that are associated with the direct management of ethics. Documentation is as important as giving of training to the organization. No scientific analysis in the contemporary world is possible with out the necessary documentation throughput the process. Archival record, current and past medications, and future preventions, all are possible simply because of efficient records. Values Identification Though the importance and significance of the major issues has been established, yet appropriate working with these concerns in minds is still easier said than done. For a new professional, it is extremely important to properly identify with the issues. The ethical and legal concerns are very similar to the organizational ones in their dynamics. For one, the first thing that needs to be done with a organization is appropriate identification with respect to the symptoms. Only a sound knowledge of the traits of a organization and its patterns can help identity for the professional as to what is to be done with it. Similarly, with legal and ethical concerns, the first step is to identify any anomaly in the

Womens Issues Essay Example for Free

Womens Issues Essay This research was conducted from an investigate concept through personal interviews of minorities and female executives, Human Resources executive recruiters, through journals, articles from websites, peer publications, and secondary research of studies performed through data collection and data analyzation. The various articles and journals reviewed will provide an overview of the glass ceiling, address the problems and challenges, identify the types of barriers and trends, and propose a solution. Through this study we will attempt to measure whether organization’s recruitment process, criteria, and strategic plans are aligned with the goals and objectives to meet the needs of the organization and better identify the best qualified candidate and improve the organization’s bottom line. Glass Ceiling Overview Definition The â€Å"glass ceiling† is defined as the invisible but real barrier through which the next stage or level of advancement can be seen, but cannot be reached by a section of qualified and deserving employees. Such barriers exist due to implicit prejudice on the basis of age, ethnicity, political or religious affiliation, and/or sex. Although generally illegal, such practices prevalent in most countries (www. businessdictionary. com) Overview The analogy â€Å"glass ceiling† is a terminology used quite often in corporate America to best identify just how far women or minorities have or will rise up the corporate ladder. Many feel it is often impossible for that demographic to exceed beyond the level of mid-management; and although we have made some strides and have increased the number of women and minorities entering today’s workforce, it’s no surprise a small fraction of those have successfully risen to the executive level in the corporate environment. Problems and Challenges Women Women face greater barriers and rely on strategies for advancement that are different from those of their male counterparts (Lyness and Thompson, 2000). There are many ways discrimination against women exists, such as job segregation, gaps in compensation, sexual harassment, inability to participate in career developmental opportunities, lack of available mentorship programs, and the lack of career advancement opportunities. According to a report from the federal bipartisan Glass Ceiling Commission (1995), 95% to 97% of senior managers of Fortune 1000 industrial and Fortune 500 companies are men, yet white males make up only about 43% of the workforce. The same study reported that only 5% of senior managers in the Fortune 2000 industrial and service companies are women. These commission findings are especially striking since women make up nearly half of the workforce (www. highbeam. com). One would have you believe the success of women career both economically and self gratifying can only be accomplished if and only if there is a change in behavior. We want to believe the selection process is objective and carefully thought out. Yet, others expect the process to be about the individual’s performance and merits and together the choice is based on the right fit for the organization. I conducted a total of 22 individual personal interviews, 11 of which included female executives. When asked what were some of the challenges they faced throughout their tenure? The responses varied but the one thing each clearly stated was â€Å"learning the language of the male dominant role†. Other challenges provided were: †¢ Advantages males have related to social networking †¢ Lack of mentorship †¢ Wage gaps for comparable work †¢ Work-life balance †¢ Shadows of the predecessor Minorities The remaining personal interviews conducted were with 11 male minority executives. When asked what were some of the challenges they faced throughout their tenure? Again, the responses were in variations; however each clearly identified â€Å"race† was the greatest challenge. But, the one thing that I found to be quite astounding when each expounded on race as an issue, was they all made the decision in their career they would not make this their problem, yet it would be others. What I got out of those words was without acknowledgment there cannot be acceptance. Other challenges provided were: †¢ Respect †¢ Removal of identity crisis †¢ Externally viewed before internally judged †¢ Education inferiority (studies outside of the U.  S. ) †¢ Mindset of organizational promotions Human Resources Meeting with executive recruitment representatives, I found they in fact face many of the same challenges women and minorities face. As a recruiter their responsibility first and foremost is to stay in-lined with the organization’s mission and vision. However finding the most qualified candidate is the biggest challenge. In terms of demographics, they aggressively seek to recruit more women or minorities for those positions because there is such a small percentage currently in place. Unfortunately if the candidate is not the right fit or if felt the cultural and/or environment carry an abundance of testosterone, many of the female executives are driven away which begins the recruitment process. Another challenge is with the selection process and not being able to question the decision-making especially when clearly felt other candidates were possessed more qualifications. Glass Ceiling Barriers Types The gender wage gap if asked is probably the biggest challenge women executives will tell you they encounter. A study conducted by the National Census Bureau showed U. S. omen still earned only 77 cents on the male dollar in 2008, according to the latest census statistics. That number drops to 68% for African-American women and 58% for Latinas (www. time. com). When speaking with one female executive she explains â€Å"one of the biggest challenges she faced would be the initial promotion as an executive. She indicated she was very excited because she knew the promotion was not only well deserved but she would be the only female executive within the organization. However in looking back she realized how the male dominant environment worked as she would only receive a 3% pay increase†. She regrets that decision but stated she attributes who she is today because of that unfortunate event. Discrimination or harassment is another challenge women and/or minorities face in achieving executive positions. African American executives feel to survive this culture it is essential remain true to themselves. However women executives will tell you there is a constant misrepresentation related to the gender and the ability to maintain as their counterparts. Although illegal, discrimination and harassment occurs subtle and overtly, with the glass ceiling harassment being the most difficult to prove. Work and family is another major challenge women face because many of the female executives are made to choose between working long hours and their family; while their male counterparts don’t have to make such decisions thereby giving them the opportunity and ability to put in those extra hours. The lack of mentorship is also challenging. One of the interviewees stated â€Å"higher profile jobs at the executive level will require more of your time. It is felt that males can depart and detach, however females feel an excuse has to be made†. Women enter the business environment in the early stages of their careers and in many instances are usually on the same level as men. However, according to the Society of Human Resource Management (SHRM) studies show in the next 5 to 10 years, men seem to benefit from upward career movement more than women, in part because women do not locate mentors as easily as men (www. shrm. com). Some organizations have recognized the need to assist in getting mentors and have also implemented training and development programs in support of women and minorities to develop mentoring relationships. Leadership Challenges Roles and responsibilities Many female and minority executives say leadership can be quite challenging especially being in the shadow of a predecessor. For women achieving this role, it is a constant second guessing of management styles. Clearly men and women possess different leadership styles. However one group may view as more of the nurturing role whereas counterparts are viewed as having no personal or emotional ties and are in capable of relating to personal issues. Many women feel like the outsider at the executive management level. They also have to deal with the shrewdness of having to prove they belong in that role. One of the interviewees is a Captain in the Police Department who not only was the first female she was the first African American to obtain that high ranking in the organization. One of her greatest challenge is having to constantly prove that she fits into this male dominant career. Many decisions are questioned and she often times finds herself having to put on the hardcore role to show she is capable of performing her roles and responsibilities while her counterparts are received with blessings.

Henrik Ibsen’s Hedda Gabler and Bertolt Brecht’s Mother Courage and Her

Henrik Ibsen’s Hedda Gabler and Bertolt Brecht’s Mother Courage and Her Children Henrik Ibsen’s Hedda Gabler and Bertolt Brecht’s Mother Courage and Her Children present two strongly defined female heroines whose actions not only adversely affect the other characters’ lives but also suggest a fundamental problem with their societies. Both playwrights establish the macroscopic view of society’s ills in the microscopic, individual characters of Hedda and Mother Courage. Both characters have an indomitable magnetism that, on the one hand, allows them to control others but, on the other, causes them to make desperate choices that reflect a repressive society. Ibsen creates in Hedda Gabler a dominating, fiercely controlling female heroine who controls everyone in her circle, from her weak husband Tesman, to Lovborg, Mrs. Elvsted and even, to a lesser degree, Judge Brack, who reverses roles with Hedda by the end of the play. Hedda, as a chameleon figure, alternately shifts her manipulative tactics to maintain control, and each character cannot stay away from her influence. Only when Hedda has lost control of Lovborg, does she resort to an act of supreme self-control: suicide. Judge Brack believes he has won in his battle of wills with Hedda and believes he remains â€Å"the only cock in the yard†¦Ã¢â‚¬  at the play’s end. Nevertheless, her suicide reinforces her superiority because she has claimed the ultimate position of control in the play. Judge Brack cannot assert his lustful intentions through coercive blackmail, and she will not relinquish the power to any character or realization, whether it is Tesman’s loving yet remonstrative pleas or Judge Brack’s slyly conniving wiles. She defines her own role by her self-inflicted death... ...she does choose this role, ultimately valuing profit over her children’s safety. She continues on this journey without her children even as the play ends. Both characters, Hedda and Mother Courage, express values dictated by society. Though Mother Courage’s actions destroy her family and Hedda’s suicide destroys herself and her unborn child, both characters choose these destructive paths. In effect, they become like the society itself, embodying its values and motivations, its limitation and corruption. Neither Hedda nor Mother Courage possess any real individual power or self-control to overcome a society that forces them to act destructively. Ibsen and Brecht represent society’s power to coerce characters like Hedda and Mother Courage into accepting values that refract social ones as destructive to them as to the society that informs their characters.

Are you writing a dissertation? Essay

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Supplements Market

The supplements market is significantly large and we would need all organic foods collectively to measure up. When more employees are hired to work in the dietary supplement industry the pro is induced impacts. More careers directly related to the industry means more earnings and splurging as more jobs are founded. The employment multiplier is the number that is multiplied by the number of jobs directly involved in the industry to measure the impact the industry will have on a region when it's successful or failing (Kashian, 2012). In a 2012 report, Dr. Russell Kashian defined induced effect as the result of the family adjusting how they spend as a unit based on a bonus of more pay produced by direct and indirect effects. The induced effect measures the effects of the changes in household income: employees and suppliers in the dietary supplement industry spend money at restaurants, grocery stores, and shops (Kashian, 2012). Consumption analysis refers to why and how people use products in addition to why and how they buy (Blackwell, Miniard, and Engel (2006). Supply is defined as the quantity of a good the business is willing to sell at an agreed price in the business (Manwik, 2009). The market for dietary supplements continues to grow significantly. Today's Dietitian magazine states some of the main reasons for the increase of consumers searching for the perfect dietary supplement product that includes the desire for a longer healthier lifestyle, more energy, weight control, and improved immunity (Palmer, 2010). Branding and positioning are a couple more factors that have influenced the demand and decision to buy specific reputable brand name dietary supplements. Demand is the quantity of goods and services consumers are willing and able to purchase regardless of price (Mankiw, 2009). Senior citizens struggle with sustaining the best possible health as they would like. It is estimated that nearly 25 percent of the people over age 65 will be living with diabetes, almost one half will have arthritis, and more than one third will be considered obese by the year 2030 (Tindal, 2017). The market for dietary supplements is competitive buyers and sellers. The actions of buyers and sellers will determine the equilibrium.Changes in Supply and Demand Affect Equilibrium PriceWhat's the economic outcome or explanation for this? An IMPLAN input-output model is an instrument for measuring the dietary supplement industry's economic influence of expenditures (Kashian, 2012). The direct effect is production adjustments coupled with an adjustment in demand for the good (Kashian, 2012). It is the first force on the economy and the spending is developed by the dietary supplement industry. The University of Wisconsin Whitewater Fiscal and Economic Research Center reported that in 2006, the dietary supplement industry could disclose a national $22.5 billion direct-effected output or productivity. An indirect effect is derived from the fluctuating input needs of directly affected industries. They also found that indirectly, the industry contributed $16 billion while generating $22 billion (Kashian, 2012). Global dietary supplements market size was $126.14 billion in 2016 (Reports and Data, 2018). In the meantime, the global organic food and beverage market was $110 billion in 2016, fairly close but not nearly as much as the dietary supplements market. Another economic contribution from the dietary supplement industry would be paid taxes. Multiple sectors of the industry paid $10.073 billion in taxes together in 2009, including $4.7 billion to the local government and $5.3 billion to the federal government (Kashian, 2012). Consumers may even share the expense of taxes with the supplements market without knowing it. The costs can usually be tacked on to the cost of supply price. Tax on the dietary supplements and the factor of production becomes increased costs of production for the dietary supplements market.

Objective Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers, Research Papers

Objective Essays - Free Essays, Term Papers, Research Papers Objective A graduating Business Administration senior, aiming t o work for a company that aligns with my goals and values in a position that utilizes my various skills and experiences in communication . Experience University of the Philippines Career Assistance Program2015-2017 Communications, Officer Conceptualized promotion plans for two events, CAPTION, a series of talks about the different career paths after college, and CAREER FAIR, the biggest event of the organization. Constructed publicity materials that led to higher attendance and participation in CAPTION and was in charge of the documentation during the event that will be included in the organization's portfolio. Aided with conceptualizing the promotion plan for CAREER FAIR, specifically guerilla marketing tactics, and crafted designs for promotional materials. ABC Philippines, Inc. 2016 Developed and implemented ABC's Diversity and Inclusion Campaign and Branding strategy Updated the Unconscious Bias Training Deck for ABC employees Education University of the Philippines, Diliman2014-2018 BS Business Administration Magna Cum Laude Standing (GWA 1.349) University of the Philippines Integrated School2010-2014 Consistent member of Honors Class (Top 10% of the class) Senior Student Council Public Relations Officer Skills Proficient in MS Word, Powe rP oint and Excel Competent in using Adobe Photoshop and Video Editing Software

Sports Writing as a Form of Creative Nonfiction

Sports Writing as a Form of Creative Nonfiction Sports writing is a form of journalism or creative nonfiction  in which a sporting event, individual athlete, or sports-related issue serves as the dominant subject. A journalist who reports on sports is a sportswriter (or sports writer). In his foreword to  The Best American Sports Writing 2015, series editor Glenn Stout says that a really good sports story provides an experience that approaches the book experience- it takes you from one place youve never been before and by the end leaves you in another place, changed. Examples and Observations: The best sports stories are based not on interviews but on conversations- conversations with people who are sometimes reluctant, sometimes in the orneriest mood, often not the most glib or polished conversationalists.(Michael Wilbon, Introduction to The Best American Sports Writing 2012. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2012)W.C. Heinz on Bummy DavisIts a funny thing about people. People will hate a guy all his life for what he is, but the minute he dies for it they make him out a hero and they go around saying that maybe he wasnt such a bad guy after all because he sure was willing to go the distance for whatever he believed or whatever he was.Thats the way it was with Bummy Davis. The night Bummy fought Fritzie Zivic in the Garden and Zivic started giving him the business and Bummy hit Zivic low maybe 30 times and kicked the referee, they wanted to hang him for it. The night those four guys came into Dudys bar and tried the same thing, only with rods, Bummy went nuts again. He flattened the first one and then they shot him, and when everybody read about it, and how Bummy fought guns with only his left hook and died lying in the rain in front of the place, they all said he was really something and you sure had to give him credit at that. ...(W.C. Heinz, Brownsville Bum. True, 1951. Rpt. in What A Time It Was: The Best of W.C. Heinz on Sports. Da Capo Press, 2001) Gary Smith on Muhammad AliAround Muhammad Ali, all was decay. Mildewed tongues of insulation poked through gaps in the ceiling; flaking cankers pocked the painted walls. On the floor lay rotting scraps of carpet.He was cloaked in black. Black street shoes, black socks, black pants, black short-sleeved shirt. He threw a punch, and in the small towns abandoned boxing gym, the rusting chain between the heavy bag and the ceiling rocked and creaked.Slowly, at first, his feet began to dance around the bag. His left hand flicked a pair of jabs, and then a right cross and a left hook, too, recalled the ritual of butterfly and bee. The dance quickened. Black sunglasses flew from his pocket as he gathered speed, black shirttail flapped free, black heavy bag rocked and creaked. Black street shoes scuffed faster and faster across black moldering tiles: Yeah, Lawd, champ can still float, champ can still sting! He whirled, jabbed, feinted, let his feet fly into a shuffle. Hows that for a sick man? he shouted. ...(Gary Smith, Ali and His Entourage. Sports Illustrated, April 25, 1988) Roger Angell on the Business of CaringI am not enough of a social geographer to know if the faith of the Red Sox fan is deeper or hardier than that of a Reds rooter (although I secretly believe that it may be, because of his longer and more bitter disappointments down the years). What I do know is that this belonging and caring is what our games are all about; this is what we come for. It is foolish and childish, on the face of it, to affiliate ourselves with anything so insignificant and patently contrived and commercially exploitative as a professional sports team, and the amused superiority and icy scorn that the non-fan directs at the sports nut (I know this look- I know it by heart) is understandable and almost unanswerable. Almost. What is left out of this calculation, it seems to me, is the business of caring- caring deeply and passionately, really caring- which is a capacity or an emotion that has almost gone out of our lives. And so it seems possible that we have come to a t ime when it no longer matters so much what the caring is about, how frail or foolish is the object of that concern, as long as the feeling itself can be saved. Naà ¯vetà ©- the infantile and ignoble joy that sends a grown man or woman to dancing and shouting with joy in the middle of the night over the haphazardous flight of a distant ball- seems a small price to pay for such a gift.(Roger Angell, Agincourt and After. Five Seasons: A Baseball Companion. Fireside, 1988) Rick Reilly on the Pace of Play in BaseballThings that nobody reads in America today:The online legal mumbo jumbo before you check the little I Agree box.Kate Uptons resume.Major League Baseballs Pace of Play Procedures.Not that baseball games dont have a pace. They do: Snails escaping a freezer.Its clear no MLB player or umpire has ever read the procedures or else how do you explain what I witnessed Sunday, when I sat down to do something really stupid- watch an entire televised MLB game without the aid of a DVR?Cincinnati at San Francisco was a three-hour-and-14-minute can-somebody-please-stick-two-forks-in-my-eyes snore-a-palooza. Like a Swedish movie, it might have been decent if somebody had cut 90 minutes out of it. Id rather have watched eyebrows grow. And I should have known better.Consider: There were 280 pitches thrown and, after 170 of them, the hitter got out of the batters box and did ... absolutely nothing.Mostly, hitters delayed the proceedings to kick imaginary dirt o ff their cleats, meditate, and un-Velcro and re-Velcro their batting gloves, despite the fact that most of the time, they hadnt even swung. ...(Rick Reilly, Play Ball! Really, Play Ball! ESPN.com, July 11, 2012) Research and Sports WritingAthletes will tell you that games are won or lost in practice. Sports writers will tell you the same thing about stories- the key work is doing research before a game. The reporter tries to find out all she can about the teams, the coaches, and the issues hell be covering. Sports writer Steve Sipple comments, Background is the one time I dont have to worry about asking the right questions. Its the one time when Im able to relax and have fun while I familiarize myself with an athlete or issue.(Kathryn T. Stofer, James R. Schaffer, and Brian A. Rosenthal, Sports Journalism: An Introduction to Reporting and Writing. Rowman Littlefield, 2010)

Landuse analysis of Famagusta Walled City Essay

Landuse analysis of Famagusta Walled City - Essay Example If this trend continues unabated the city will be hollowed out both physically and socially; what is known as the doughnut syndrome. Moreover land is a finite resource and for an island like Cyprus which is an aggregarian island and much of its income depends on what it is able to grow, because this encroachment upon its green field not only eats up arable land but also destroys its biota. Even though several researches have been conducted on this specific area but they have offered palliatives rather than concrete or practical tools for implementation. This paper aims to highlight sustainable ways in which the city should be allowed to expand and develop and to bracket ways in which the theories advanced can be implemented in the city. Implementing this theory would mean redesign and development of the unused spaces according to smart growth theories and principles that oppose everything negative growth stands for. This constitutes tools for compact urban development which include the development of Brownfield sites, infill and mixed use of development and transit oriented